Boiler



(No Model.)

' J. E. LEIGHTON.

BOILER.

No. 431,599. Patented Jul 8, 1890.

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UNITED STATES;

ATENT FITCE JAMES EDlVARD LEIGHTON, OF VVALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

- BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,599, dated July 8, 1890.

Application filed November 16, 1889. Serial No. 330,596. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JAMES EDWARD LEIGH- TON, a citizen of the United States, residing at \Valtham, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in \Vater- Heating and SteainGenerating Boilers; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to steam-generators and water-heaters, and has for its object the provision of certain improvements in the construction and manner of connecting the circulator, which is an auxiliary Water containingand circulating pipe or drum connected at both ends to the boiler or water-reservoir and lying in the fire.

The improvements consist in First. The provision of acirculator having a corrugated or ridgy surface, whereby certain important advantages issue, which may be briefly enumerated as follows: ((1.) The coal or other fuel impinges against the projections or ridges upon the circulator and leaves a space between the shell of the circulator and the burning fuel,which permits alarge amount of oxygen to flow in and be consumed, thus greatly improving the combustion of the furnace. (1).) The burning coal resting against the projection or ridges of the circulator, a minimum area of surface of the metal which is to a certain degree chilled by the circulation of water within the circulator is brought in contact with the hot coal, while a largely-increased area of shell surface is left free for absortion of heat at just the right distance from the hot coal to get the best effect in the absortion and radiation of heat, thereby more speedily and thoroughly heating the water.

Second. The provision of non-conducting projections or ridges upon a highly-sensitive and good-conducting shell or body of the circulatoras, for instance, soapstone rings or ridges upon a copper tube or shell-whereby the points in contact with the burning coal convey little or none of the chill from the water to the coal.

Third. In thelocation of the discharge end of the connection from said circulator above the water-line in the reservoir or boiler by reason whereof the Water in the circulator circulates with less rapidity, allows an in tenser degree of heat, and furnishes a dryer quality of steam, and which also enablesme to get quick steam direct from the circulator without the necessity of heating the Whole body of Water in the boiler. The rapidity of circulation can be regulated by changing the elevation of the discharge end of the circulator connection above the water-line.

The construction by which these objects are attained is set forth in the following detailed description. I

The accompanyingdrawings illustrate what I consider the best means for carrying my invention into practice.

Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of boilers with my circulator applied. Fig. 3 is a section of the corrugated pipe. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the corrugated double hollow cylinder-circulator. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a pipe with separatelyformed rings.

Similar letters of reference indicate corre sponding parts in all the figures where they occur.

In the drawings my invention is shown applied to a generator of the type of which the patent to David S Marsh, No. 368,346, dated August 16, 1887, is an example; but I do not desire to be understood as limiting the application of my invention to such form of generator, as it is evident that it can be applied by those skilled in steam-engineering to any form of boiler or generator.

A is the combustion-chamber, and B the fire-box, having a grate-surface C.

D is the water-reservoir or steam-generator chamber, the body of which lies above the grate-surface and is supported by water-legs d d, into which the water for use in the generator is introduced from the proper head or source, and from which it may be discharged. Fire-tubes d d are placed vertically in the body of the generator.

E is the circulator, which lies embedded in the fuel, and which I may make in the form of a hollow cylinder having an annular waterspace between its walls, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, or in the form of a coil of pipe, as shown in Fig. 1. Upon the surfaces of the circulator, which are to make contact with the fuel I rovide corru ations b which termI desire to be understood as including any form of unevenness in the exterior surface which will hold the coal or other fuel away from the shell of the circulator and leave an airspace between the shell proper and the burning fuel. The corrugations are preferably made as projections from the surface of the shell, while the interior of the circulator is smooth, and I have shown in the drawings rings or projections upon the tube or pipe form of circulator and spines or ridgy projections upon the hollow cylinder form, and I prefer such form of corrugation; but I do not desire to be confined to it, as knobs or unevenness of any sort may be used upon the exterior surface; or the corrugations may extend through the walls of the circulator, so that its interior surface will be corrugated or uneven also, and still the advantages of my invention may be felt, though not in so marked a degree. The corrugations are marked E*, and their purpose and function have been fully set forth in the opening paragraphs of this specification.

I may in the further development and practice of the theory of not conducting the chill from the water to the burning coal provide projections of a non-conducting character,

. while the shell or walls of the circulator are of a good conducting material. The non-conducting contact points or projections will thus convey little or no chill to the hot coal, while the walls of thecireulator, being of high conductivity, will absorb and radiate a vast amount of heat for the reasons explained in connection with the advantages set up for the use of projections, as well as by reason of their own good conducting qualities. Soapstone for the projections and copper for the shell are good materials to use. Other nonconducting and conducting materials may be employed in lieu of these, however. The soapstone may be applied in the shape of sliding rings to the pipe form of circulator, as shown in Fig. 5, or in any other desired manner.

The different forms of circulator which I have showni. 6.,13l16 coiled pipe form and the hollow cylinder form-are used as the situation and style of furnace to which it is to be applied may require, and the shape and size of the circulator maybe varied according to the requirements of the particular case, as the circulator can be applied to any of the furnaces now in use.

The circulator receives its circulation from an inlet-pipe e, which is connected to the bottom plate of the water-reservoir at its upper end and to the circulator at a point near its base or lower end, as shown. In the coil form the pipe 6 is continued into the lowest or bottom coil of the circulator, as may be seen in Fig. 1. The water passes out from the circulator through the discharge-pipe e, which is connected at or near the top of the circulator and runs up into the water-reservoir and discharges at a point above the water' line. By having the discharge end 6 carried above the water-line the steam-generated in the circulator is delivered into the reservoir ready for use above the water therein, so that steam is thus supplied speedily for starting machinery or getting up circulation. This location of the discharge end obviates the necessity for heating the whole body of water in the generator before steam is produced. If the water in the reservoir is very close to the top of the discharge end of pipe e, the circulation through the circulator will be more rapid; but if the water in the reservoir is some distance below the discharge end, there will be a slower circulation in the circulator, and this slow circulation adds to the efficiency of the apparatus by imparting to the water passing through the circulator a degree of heat of such intensity as could not otherwise be attained, which is also increased by the corrugations in the manner already described. The elevation of discharge end of pipe 6 above the water-line regulates the rapidity of the circulation through the circulator, and may itself be regulated by the volume of water in the reservoir.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. A circulator for steam-boilers provided with corrugations, as set forth, and adapted to lie in the bed of fuel, said circulator being connected to the water-reservoir at both ends, as set forth.

2. A circulator for steam-boiler furnaces to .be connected to the water-reservoir and adapted to lie in the bed of fuel, having projections of non-conducting material upon it, as set forth.

3. The combination, with the water-reservoir of a steam-boiler extending over the JAMES EDWARD LEIGl-ITON.

Witnesses:

GEORGE H. PIPER, GEORGE 1. GOLDSMITH.

IIO 

